A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 113
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 145
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 223
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 344
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 281
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 288
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 94
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 107
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 140
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1290
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$MPublicationsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MPublications.php
Line Number: 32
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MPublications.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MPublications.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MPublications.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$MPublications is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Publications::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MPublicationsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MPublications is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/application/controllers/Publications.php
File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
موقع الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | معـالــم النهضة الفقهية المعاصرة
معـالــم النهضة الفقهية المعاصرة
مجمع أبي النور الإسلامي
كلية الإمام الأوزاعي
للدراسات الإسلامية
قسم الدراسات العليا
معـالــم
النهضة الفقهية المعاصرة
علاء الدين محمود زعتري
1416 هـ = 1996 م
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على سيد الأنبياء والمرسلين، وحبيب رب العالمين، وعلى آله وأصحابه الغُرِّ الميامين، ومَن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين، وبعد:
فإن الفقه الإسلامي هو المادة العملية في حياة المسلمين، إذ به تصحيح العبادات، والمعاملات، وسائر الأحوال والأنشطة التي تعرض للمسلمين في كل يوم.
وكسائر العلوم والفنون، سار الفقه الإسلامي عبر التاريخ، ضمن خط بياني متصاعد، بدأ بنزول الوحي من السماء على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وارتقى وارتفع وتبوأ مكانة مرموقة، حتى إذا انشغل المسلمون بدنياهم، وتركوا الاهتمام بدينهم، تراجع الفقه الإسلامي عن الساحة العلمية أولاً، مما أدى إلى بُعده عن الساحة الواقعية لحياة المسلمين.
ولقد نهض الغيورون على دينهم - في كل مرحلة من مراحل التاريخ - بعبء ثقيل نأتْ به كواهلهم، من خلال تعريف المسلمين بدينهم، وعرض التشريع الإسلامي عرضاً ميسراً مبرأ عن الشبهات، وحاولوا تذليل الصعوبات التي وقفت في طريق ازدهار الفقه لمدة من الزمن.
وقد ظهر جهد العلماء واضحاً في القرن الرابع عشــر الهجري، من خلال ما قدموه، فرادى وجماعات، وما أصدروه من فتاوى، وما أ لّفوه من كتب، وما أسـسـوه من مجامع فقهية، وما جمعوه في موسوعات، يرجى لها أن تحلق بالفقه الإسلامي لاستعادة مكانته المرموقة.
وفي هذا البحث عرض لواقع الفقه الإسلامي، وبيان لتاريخ التشريع في القرن الماضي، وما امتاز به عن أطوار تاريخ التشريع الإسلامي السابقة توضيحاً لما جرى، وشحذاً لهمة علماء الحاضر والمستقبل، ليستفيدوا من تجارب مَن سبقهم، ويتابعوا الدرب على منوال حسناتهم، وتجنب ما وقع من خلل.
وقد اتَّبعت في بحثي المنهج التاريخي، بنوعيه:
المنهج التاريخي الإنشائي؛ وذلك في عرض وسرد الأحداث.
والمنهج التاريخي العلمي؛ وذلك بتحقيق تلك الأحداث، ونقدها، والتعليق عليها، وأرجو أن أكون قد وُفقت لهذا.
وهنا أود أن أتقدم بجزيل الشكر للجنة العلمية بكلية الإمام الأوزاعي لقبولها تسجيل هذا البحث لديها، وأخص بالشكر الشيخ الفاضل الأستاذ الدكتور كامل موسى لتكرمه بقبول بحثي عنده، متجاوزاً مسؤولياته الجسيمة.
وألفت النظر إلى أن عنوان البحث كان: التشريع الإسلامي في القرن الرابع عشر الهجري، وقد وضعت العنوان الحالي، معالم النهضة الفقهية المعاصرة مستمداً إياه من عنوان محاضرة للأستاذ الدكتور محمد الزحيلي كان قد ألقاها في كلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية بدبي بدولة الإمارات.
ومما يجدر ذكره أن هذا البحث قد طُبع مُلحَقاً بكتاب تاريخ التشريع الإسلامي للسايس والسبكي والبربري.
والله أسأل أن يجعل هذا العمل خلصاً لوجهه الكريم.
إنه نعم المولى ونعم المجيب.
علاء الدين زعتري
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