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Filename: core/Router.php
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A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Filename: models/MResearches.php
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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
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File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
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File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearches is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
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File: /home/monstertest/public_html/alzaatari/index.php
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موقع الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | المال في الإسلام
المال في الإسلام
ينظر الإسلام إلى المال والاقتصاد نظرة توسط؛ مأخوذة من قوله تعالى: ]وابتغ فيما آتاك الله الدار الآخرة ولا تنس نصيبك من الدنيا[[القصص: 77].
وبعد الإجمال، يأتي التفصيل كما يلي:
1- فالإسلام لم يُخْرِج الإنسان عن فطرته، ولم يُنكِر عليه حبه للمال؛ لأن الله أودع فيه غريزة حب التملك، قال الله تعالى: ]وتحبون المال حُبَّاً جَمَّاً[[الفجر: 20]، ويقول الله تعالى: ]وإنه لحب الخير لشديد[[العاديات: 8] والكلام عن الإنسان، والخير هنا بمعنى المال، وفي هذه الآية إشارة لطيفة إلى أن الإسلام لا يرى المال ذا قيمة واعتبار إلا عند استعماله في طريق الخير.
2- وبيّن القرآن الكريم أن المال زينة الحياة الدنيا، لأن في المال جمالاً ونفعاً، قال الله تعالى: ]المال والبنون زينة الحياة الدنيا[[الكهف: 46]، وحتى لا ينبهر الإنسان بالمال ويغترّ به، فقد جاء في تمام الآية ]والباقيات الصالحات خير...[[الكهف: 46]، وفي هذا توجيه النظر إلى ما هو خير وأبقى في المال.
3- وبيّن القرآن أن المال فتنة، يقول الله تعالى: ]واعلموا أنما أموالكم وأولادكم فتنة وأن الله عنده أجر عظيم[[الأنفال: 28]، ويقول: ]إنما أموالكم وأولادكم فتنة والله عنده أجر عظيم[[التغابن: 64].
وللفتنة معنيان:
أحدهما: الابتلاء والاختبار، ليمتحن الله عباده فينظر كيف يعملون، وكيف يحافظون على حدوده التي وضعها لهم.
والآخر: أن المال والولد سبب في الوقوع في الإثم والفتنة، فقد يقع المرء - بسبب المال أو الولد - في منع الحق وجحده، أو تناول الحرام وأخذه، أو غصب مال الغير وسرقته، وغير ذلك من الآثام.
فالمال سبب من أسباب الطغيان، قال الله عز وجل: ]كلا إن الإنسان ليطغى& أن رآه استغنى[[العلق: 6-7]، ويقول تعالى: ]وقال موسى ربنا إنك آتيت فرعون وملأه زينة وأموالاً في الحياة الدنيا ربنا ليضلوا عن سبيلك ربنا اطمس على أموالهم واشدد على قلوبهم فلا يؤمنوا حتى يروا العذاب الأليم[[يونس: 88]؛ إذاً، على العاقل أن يحذر من المضار المتولِّدة من حب المال، لأن ذلك يشغل القلب، والمطلوب من المؤمن أن لا يغرق في أوحال المادة.
وقد نبّه القرآن الكريم إلى حقارة قدر المال إذا ما قورن بأحوال الآخرة، يقول الله تعالى: ]يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تلهكم أموالكم ولا أولادكم عن ذكر الله ومن يفعل ذلك فأولئك هم الخاسرون[[المنافقون: 9]، لأن الانشغال عن ذكر الله إنما هو من أخلاق المنافقين.
4- ونفى القرآن أن يكون المال - وإن كثر - مظهراً لرضوان الله عن شخص ما، كما نفى أن يكون الإقتار دليلاً على تجرد الإنسان من الخير والفضل، قال الله تعالى: ]فأما الإنسان إذا ما ابتلاه ربه فأكرمه ونعّمه فيقول ربي أكرمن & وأما إذا ما ابتلاه فقَدَرَ عليه رزقه فيقول ربي أهانن & كلا...[[الفجر: 15-18].
وبما أن المال هذا حاله، نبّه القرآن إلى أن مقياس الرجال أعمالهم، وليس أموالهم، جاء ذلك في قصة ]الملأ من بني إسرائيل من بعد موسى إذ قالوا لنبي لهم ابعث لنا ملكاً نقاتل في سبيل الله ... وقال لهم نبيهم إن الله قد بعث لكم طالوت ملكاً[[البقرة: 246-247] فاستغربوا من الاختيار، لأن طالوت لم يكن ذا مال وجاه، وهم يظنون أن الملك لايليق إلا بصاحب المال، وقالوا: ]ولم يؤت سعة من المال[[البقرة: 247].
فحُوِّلت أفكارهم إلى المقياس الحقيقي للرجال، وهو العمل والعلم، وليس المال، ونُبِّهوا إلى أن المال لا يرفع قدر أحد، وعدمه لا يخفض منـزلة أحد ]قال إن الله اصطفاه عليكم وزاده بسطة في العلم والجسم...[[البقرة: 247].
ونفى الإسلام أن يكون المال - مهما كثر لدى صاحبه - مُقَرِّباً إلى الله عزَّ وجل، قال تعالى: ]وما أموالكم ولا أولادكم بالتي تقربكم عندنا زلفى إلا من آمن وعمل صالحاً فأولئك لهم جزاء الضعف بما عملوا وهم في الغرفات آمنون[[سبأ: 27].
5- وبالرغم مما وجّه إلى المال من قسوة - تلاحظ لأول وهلة - إلا أن الإسلام أراد من ذلك تنبيه الناس إلى أن المال وسيلة لا غاية، وبذلك يؤدي المال وظيفته في الحياة، من جهة أنه قوامها وعصبها.
6- كما اعتبر القرآن الكريم الغنى نعمة امتن بها على رسوله محمد e، حيث يقول: ]ووجدك عائلاً فأغنى[[الضحى: 8]، كما اعتبر القرآن الغنى مثوبة يجزى بها المؤمنون، يقول الله تعالى: ]ويمددكم بأموال وبنين[[نوح: 12].
7- وأعطى الإسلام للإنسان حريته في ممارسة النشاط الاقتصادي وكسب المال، بل وحثّه على العمل والسعي الدؤوب حتى يكون عضواً فاعلاً في المجتمع، منطلقاً من أرضية نفع النفس والغير، ومن مبدأ العطاء لا الأخذ، فاليد العليا خير من اليد السفلى، يقول الله تعالى: ]هو الذي جعل لكم الأرض ذلولاً فامشوا في مناكبها وكلوا من رزقه وإليه النشور[[المُلك: 15]، ويقول: ]فإذا قضيت الصلاة فانتشروا في الأرض وابتغوا من فضل الله واذكروا الله كثيراً لعلكم تفلحون[[الجمعة: 10]، وفضل الله يعني رزقه.
8- ولم يمنع الإسلام الإنسان من أكل الحلال والطيب من المال والرزق، بل أباح ذلك في آيات كثيرة، منها: قول الله تعالى: ]يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم واشكروا لله إن كنتم إياه تعبدون[[البقرة: 172]، وقوله: ]يا أيها الناس كلوا مما في الأرض حلالاً طيباً[[البقرة: 168]، وقوله: ]يسألونك ماذا أُحل لهم، قل أُحل لكم الطيبات[[المائدة: 4].
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